ansi_notepad.txt
54 65 73 74 3A 20 73 69 B9 9C E6
54 = T, ANSI ASCII
65 = e, ANSI ASCII
73 = s, ANSI ASCII
74 = t, ANSI ASCII
3A = :, ANSI ASCII
20 = [space], ANSI ASCII
73 = s, ANSI ASCII
69 = i, ANSI ASCII
B9 = ą, Windows CP-1250 (http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows-1250)
9C = ś, Windows CP-1250
E6 = ć, Windows CP-1250

iso_8859_2_gedit.txt
54 65 73 74 3A 20 73 69 B1 B6 E6 0A
54 = T, ANSI ASCII
65 = e, ANSI ASCII
73 = s, ANSI ASCII
74 = t, ANSI ASCII
3A = :, ANSI ASCII
20 = [space], ANSI ASCII
73 = s, ANSI ASCII
69 = i, ANSI ASCII
B1 = ą, iso 8859-2 (http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-2) 
B6 = ś, iso 8859-2  
E6 = ć, iso 8859-2  
0A = LF (Line Feed), ANSI ASCII

utf_8_gedit.txt
54 65 73 74 3A 20 73 69 C4 85 C5 9B C4 87 0A
54 = T, code less than 128, 1 byte per character, equal to ANSI ASCII
65 = e, code less than 128, 1 byte per character, equal to ANSI ASCII
73 = s, code less than 128, 1 byte per character, equal to ANSI ASCII
74 = t, code less than 128, 1 byte per character, equal to ANSI ASCII
3A = :, code less than 128, 1 byte per character, equal to ANSI ASCII
20 = [space], code less than 128, 1 byte per character, equal to ANSI ASCII
73 = s, code less than 128, 1 byte per character, equal to ANSI ASCII
69 = i, code less than 128, 1 byte per character, equal to ANSI ASCII
C4 85 = C (16) = 1100 (2), so we have 2 bytes per character coded as 110+xxxxx 10+xxxxxx
        C4 85 = 110+00100 10+001001 = 00100001001 = 001 0000 1001 = 105 (16) = ą (U+0105)
        (http://unicode-table.com/en/#0105) 
C5 9B = C (16) = 1100 (2), so we have 2 bytes per character coded as 110+xxxxx 10+xxxxxx
        C5 9B = 110+00101 10+011011 = 00101011011 = 001 0101 1011 = 15B (16) = ś (U+015B)
C4 87 = C (16) = 1100 (2), so we have 2 bytes per character coded as 110+xxxxx 10+xxxxxx
        C4 87 = 110+00100 10+000111 = 00100000111 = 001 0000 0111 = 107 (16) = ć (U+0107)
0A = LF (Line Feed), ANSI ASCII

utf_8_notepad.txt
EF BB BF 54 65 73 74 3A 20 73 69 C4 85 C5 9B C4 87
EF BB BF - BOM
54 65 73 74 3A 20 73 69 C4 85 C5 9B C4 87 - as before (see utf_8_gedit.txt)

unicode_big_endian_notepad.txt
FE FF 00 54 00 65 00 73 00 74 00 3A 00 20 00 73 00 69 01 05 01 5B 01 07
FE FF = BOM (UTF-16, BE)
00 54  - as before (see utf_8_gedit.txt)
00 65
00 73
00 74
00 3A
00 20
00 73
00 69
01 05
01 5B
01 07

unicode_notepad.txt
FF FE  54 00 65 00 73 00 74 00 3A 00 20 00 73 00 69 00 05 01 5B 01 07 01
FF FE = BOM (UTF-16, LE)
54 00 = because we have LE, the coorect order is 0054 = 54 = T
65 00 = 0065 - as before (see unicode_big_endian_notepad.txt)
73 00 = 0073 
74 00 = 0074
3A 00 = 003A
20 00 = 0020
73 00 = 0073
69 00 = 0069
05 01 = 0105
5B 01 = 015B
07 01 = 0107